著者Michihiro Toritsuka, Sohei Kimoto, Kazue Muraki, Motoo Kitagawa, Toshifumi Kishimoto, Akira Sawa and Kenji Tanigaki
標題 Regulation of Striatal Dopamine Responsiveness by Notch/RBP-J Signaling
要旨Dopamine signaling is essential for reward learning and fear-related learning and thought to be involved in neuropsychiatric diseases.
However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of dopamine responsiveness is unclear.
Here we show the critical roles of Notch/RBP-J signaling in the regulation of dopamine responsiveness in the striatum. Notch/RBP-J signaling regulates various neural cell fate specification, and neuronal functions in the adult central nervous system.
Conditional deletion of RBP-J specifically in neuronal cells causes enhanced response to apomorphine, a non-selective dopamine agonist, and SKF38393, a D1 agonist, and impaired dopamine-dependent instrumental avoidance learning, which is corrected by SCH23390, a D1 antagonist.
RBP-J deficiency drastically reduced dopamine release in the striatum and caused a subtle decrease in the number of dopaminergic neurons.
Lentivirus-mediated gene transfer experiments showed that RBP-J deficiency in the striatum was sufficient for these deficits.
These findings demonstrated that Notch/RBP-J signaling regulates dopamine responsiveness in the striatum, which may explain the mechanism whereby Notch/RBP-J signaling affects an individual’s susceptibility to neuropsychiatric disease.
山内副所長らが執筆した、進行性大脳皮質神経細胞障害に対するバイパス手術の効果に関する論文が、American Journal of Neuroradiology誌にonline掲載されました。
表題Relationship between [14C]MeAIB uptake and amino acid transporter family gene expression levels or proliferative activity in a pilot study in human carcinoma cells: comparison with [14H]Methionine uptake.
加川主任研究員が京都大学等と共同で執筆した有機アニオントランスポーターの機能解析を目的とするPET製剤:[18F]標識ピタバスタチン誘導体([18F]PTV-F1)に関する原著論文が英文医学誌であるJournal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticalsにonline掲載されました。
表題Radiosynthesis of novel pitavastatin derivative ([18F]PTV-F1) as a tracer for hepatic OATP using a one-pot synthetic procedure
要旨Pitavastatin is an antihyperlipidemic agent, a potent inhibitor of 3-hydroxymethyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase, which is selectively taken up into the liver mainly via hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1).
OATP1B1 can accept a variety of organic anions, and previous reports indicated that it is responsible for the hepatic clearance of several clinically used anionic drugs.
Therefore, the pharmacokinetics and the hepatic distribution of pitavastatin provide an insight into the function of OATP1B1 in humans.
For the development of the in vivo evaluation of OATP1B1 function by positron emission tomography imaging, we designed a novel [18F]pitavastatin derivative ([18F]PTV-F1), in which a [18F]fluoroethoxy group is substituted for the [18F]fluoro group of [18F]pitavastatin,
with the aim of convenient radiolabeling protocol and high radiochemical yield.
In vitro studies suggested that transport activities of PTV-F1 mediated by OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 were very similar to those of pitavastatin and PTV-F1 was metabolically stable in human liver microsomes.
In the radiosynthesis of [18F]PTV-F1 from the tosylate precursor, nucleophilic fluorination and subsequent deprotection were performed using a one-pot procedure.
[18F]PTV-F1 was obtained with a radiochemical yield of 45% ± 3% (n = 3), and the operating time for the radiosynthesis of [18F]PTV-F1 is very short (30 minutes) compared with [18F]pitavastatin.
当センター画像研究部門の開発した日本発のアミノ酸系PET製剤MeAIBの臨床診断に関する原著論文が英文医学誌Annals of Nuclear Medicineにonline掲載されました。
日本核医学会が発行する英文医学誌・Annals of Nuclear Medicineの最新号がonline出版され、有本麻耶共同研究員(京都大学在籍)、東達也元総括研究員(現量子科学研究機構放射線医学総合研究所)を始めとする当センター画像研究部門が執筆した論文が掲載されました。国内で腫瘍診断に用いられているPET製剤は糖代謝を用いたFDGのみが保険収載されていますが、尿路系腫瘍の領域では尿への生理的排泄像などで偽陽性などが見られることも多く、post FDGのPET製剤が求められています。MeAIBは当研究所の加川研究員が中心となり我が国で初めて薬剤合成に成功したアミノ酸系PET製剤で、尿路への排泄が少なく、FDG-PETやFDG-PET/CTで診断に苦慮する尿路系疾患で良悪性鑑別に威力を発揮するものと期待される人工アミノ酸PET製剤です。今回、前立腺癌を対象にPET診断を行い、FDGを凌駕する診断能を示したことが評価され、掲載が決まりました。
掲載日 2016年6月21日
掲載雑誌名Annals of Nuclear Medicine. 2016 June 21. [Epub ahead of print] 出版:日本核医学会
表題 Progressive Cortical Neuronal Damage and Chronic Hemodynamic Impairment in Atherosclerotic Major Cerebral Artery Disease
要旨Background and Purpose—Cross-sectional studies suggest that chronic hemodynamic impairment may cause selective cortical neuronal damage in patients with atherosclerotic internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery occlusive disease.
The purpose of this longitudinal study was to determine whether the progression of cortical neuronal damage, evaluated as a decrease in central benzodiazepine receptors (BZRs),
is associated with hemodynamic impairment at baseline or hemodynamic deterioration during follow-up.
Methods—We evaluated the distribution of BZRs twice using positron emission tomography and 11C-flumazenil over time in 80 medically treated patients with atherosclerotic internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery occlusive disease that had no ischemic episodes during follow-up.
Using 3D stereotactic surface projections, we quantified abnormal decreases in the BZRs in the cerebral cortex within the middle cerebral artery distribution
and correlated changes in the BZR index with the mean hemispheric values of hemodynamic parameters obtained from 15O gas positron emission tomography.
Results—In the hemisphere affected by arterial disease, the BZR index in 40 patients (50%) was increased during follow-up (mean 26±20 months).
In multivariable logistic regression analyses, increases in the BZR index were associated with the decreased cerebral blood flow at baseline and an increased oxygen extraction fraction during follow-up.
Increases in the oxygen extraction fraction during follow-up were associated with a lack of statin use.
Conclusions—In patients with atherosclerotic internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery disease, the progression of cortical neuronal damage was associated with hemodynamic impairment at baseline and hemodynamic deterioration during follow-up.
Statin use may be beneficial against hemodynamic deterioration and therefore neuroprotective.